Alcohol-use disorder/Alcoholism

Kev quav dej cawv / siv dej cawv: Kev haus dej cawv yog, hais txog, kev haus dej haus cawv uas ua rau muaj teeb meem kev mob hlwb lossis lub cev muaj mob loj. Kev quav dej quav cawv tsis yog qhov lees paub qhov chaw kuaj mob. Cov kev kuaj pom muaj feem ua tau yog kev siv dej cawv (DSM-5) lossis kev quav dej cawv muaj cawv (ICD-11).
Cawv.: Clin._Exp._Res./Alawv Kev Txom Nyem: Kev Soj Ntsuam thiab Kev Tshawb Nrhiav: Kev Haus Cawv: Kev Soj Ntsuam thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb yog xov xwm txuj tshawb fawb txog kev haus cawv thiab nws cov kev kho mob. Nws yog luam tawm los ntawm Wiley-Blackwell sawv cev ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Caj Cawv txog Kev Quaj Cawv thiab Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Cawv Cawv.
Cawv. Clin._Exp._Res./A ເຫຼົ້າ: Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab Kev Tshawb Nrhiav: Kev Haus Cawv: Kev Soj Ntsuam thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb yog xov xwm txuj tshawb fawb txog kev haus cawv thiab nws cov kev kho mob. Nws yog luam tawm los ntawm Wiley-Blackwell sawv cev ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Caj Cawv txog Kev Quaj Cawv thiab Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Cawv Cawv.
Cawv. Kho._Q./ Txoj Kev Kho Cawv Txhua Lub Hlis: Txoj Kev Kho Cawv Kev Quav Tshuaj Peb Lub Hlis yog ib hlis ib zaug tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv kho mob luam tawm los ntawm Taylor & Francis. Tus sau ntawv yog Thomas F. McGovern. Phau ntawv journal tau luam tawm thawj zaug xyoo 1984 los ntawm Haworth Press. Nws tham txog txhua yam ntawm kev quav cawv thiab nws kho mob.
Cawv: NAD (P)% 2B oxidoreductase / Cawv dehydrogenase (NAD (P) +): Hauv cov enzymology, ib lub cawv dehydrogenase [NAD (P) + ] (EC 1.1.1.71 ) yog ib qho enzyme uas catalyzes cov tshuaj lom neeg lub cev tus cawv + NAD (P) + ib qho aldehyde + NAD (P) H + H +
Cawv: NAD% 2B oxidoreductase / Cawv dehydrogenase: Cawv dehydrogenases ( ADH ) (EC 1.1.1.1 ) yog ib pawg dehydrogenase enzymes uas tshwm sim hauv ntau yam muaj sia thiab pab txhawb kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov cawv thiab aldehydes lossis ketones nrog txo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) rau NADH. Hauv tib neeg thiab ntau lwm yam tsiaj, lawv pabcuam rau cov dej cawv uas txwv tsis pub muaj kuab lom, thiab lawv kuj koom nrog tsim cov aldehyde, ketone, lossis pawg dej cawv thaum lub sijhawm biosynthesis ntawm ntau cov metabolites. Hauv cov poov xab, nroj tsuag, thiab ntau cov kab mob, qee cov dej cawv dehydrogenases ua rau cov teeb meem tsis haum ntxiv ua ib feem ntawm kev kho kom paub tseeb tias muaj cov NAD + tas li .
Cawv: NADP% 2B oxidoreductase / Aldo-keto reductase tsev neeg 1, tus tswv cuab A1: Cawv dehydrogenase [NADP +] tseem hu ua aldehyde reductase lossis aldo-keto reductase tsev neeg 1 tus tswv cuab A1 yog ib qho enzyme uas nyob hauv tib neeg tau hloov los ntawm AKR1A1 noob. AKR1A1 zwm rau aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. Nws catalyzes NADPH-tiv thaiv kev txo qis ntawm ntau yam uas muaj ntxhiab thiab aliphatic aldehydes rau lawv cov cawv sib xws thiab catalyzes txo mevaldate rau mevalonic acid thiab ntawm glyceraldehyde rau glycerol. Kev sib hloov pauv hauv cov noob AKR1A1 tau pom tias txuam nrog tsis-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Cawv: Clin_Exp_Res / Alcoholism: Kev Soj Ntsuam thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb: Kev Haus Cawv: Kev Soj Ntsuam thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb yog xov xwm txuj tshawb fawb txog kev haus cawv thiab nws cov kev kho mob. Nws yog luam tawm los ntawm Wiley-Blackwell sawv cev ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Caj Cawv txog Kev Quaj Cawv thiab Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Cawv Cawv.
Cawv: acceptor oxidoreductase / Cawv dehydrogenase (acceptor): Hauv cov enzymology, cawv dehydrogenase (acceptor) yog ib qho enzyme uas catalyzes cov tshuaj lom neeg lub cev cov cawv thawj + tus txais ib qho aldehyde + txo qhov txaus siab
Cawv: azurin oxidoreductase / Cawv dehydrogenase (azurin): Cawv dehydrogenase (azurin) yog ib qho enzyme uas muaj cov npe tshuaj cawv: azurin oxidoreductase . Cov enzyme no tshuaj kuaj cov tshuaj hauv qab no thawj cov cawv + azurin aldehyde + txo azurin
Cawv: cytochrome c_oxidoreductase / Cawv dehydrogenase (cytochrome c): Cawv dehydrogenase yog ib qho enzyme uas muaj lub npe ua dej cawv: cytochrome c oxidoreductase . Cov enzyme no tshuaj kuaj cov tshuaj hauv qab no cov cawv thawj + 2 ferricytochrome c ib qho aldehyde + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H +	Cawv dehydrogenase yog ib qho enzyme uas muaj lub npe ua dej cawv: cytochrome c oxidoreductase . Cov enzyme no tshuaj kuaj cov tshuaj hauv qab no cov cawv thawj + 2 ferricytochrome c
Cawv: oxygen oxidoreductase / Cawv oxidase: Hauv cov enzymology, cawv cawv oxidase (EC 1.1.3.13 ) yog ib qho enzyme uas catalyzes cov tshuaj lom neeg lub cev lub hauv paus cawv + O 2 ib qho aldehyde + H 2 O 2
Cawv: quinone oxidoreductase / Cawv dehydrogenase (quinone): Cawv dehydrogenase (quinone) yog ib qho enzyme uas muaj cov npe tshuaj cawv: quinone oxidoreductase . Cov enzyme no tshuaj kuaj cov tshuaj hauv qab no ethanol + ubiquinone acetaldehyde + ubiquinol
Cawv Cawv% 26_ Cawv / Dej Cawv thiab Cawv: Kev Cawv Cawv thiab Cawv yog cawv luam yeeb tshuaj ib tsab xov xwm kho mob ntsig txog kev quav cawv thiab lwm yam mob dej cawv Nws tau tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1963 ua daim ntawv xov xwm ntawm Kev Cawv Cawv , nrog HD Chalke ua tus tsim editor. Xyoo 1968, nws tau hloov npe hu ua phau ntawv Journal of Alcoholism , thiab xyoo 1977, nws tau rov qab hloov dua tshiab, lub sijhawm no mus rau British Journal ntawm Kev Cawv thiab Cawv . Xyoo 1983, nws tau txais nws lub npe tam sim no. Nws tau sib koom ua ke thiab tau luam tawm los ntawm Medical Council on Cawv (MCA) nrog rau Oxford University Press, uas tau yuav 50 feem pua ​​hauv phau ntawv xov xwm hauv xyoo 2011. Nws yog ntawv xov xwm ntawm ob lub MCA thiab European Society rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ciaj Ntsig rau Cawv. Cov kws kho sau ntawv yog Jonathan D. Chick, Philippe de Witte, thiab Lorenzo Leggio. Raws li Phau Ntawv Teev Cov Ntawv Sau Xov Xwm , cov phau ntawv sau xov xwm muaj feem cuam tshuam 2015 ntawm 2.724, nws yog qeb thib 7 ntawm 18 xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv "Cov Hloov Tsis Raws Cai".
Cawv% 26_Alawv cawvSuiv / Haus Caw thiab Cawv Cawv: Kev Cawv Cawv thiab Cawv yog cawv luam yeeb tshuaj ib tsab xov xwm kho mob ntsig txog kev quav cawv thiab lwm yam mob dej cawv Nws tau tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1963 ua daim ntawv xov xwm ntawm Kev Cawv Cawv , nrog HD Chalke ua tus tsim editor. Xyoo 1968, nws tau hloov npe hu ua phau ntawv Journal of Alcoholism , thiab xyoo 1977, nws tau rov qab hloov dua tshiab, lub sijhawm no mus rau British Journal ntawm Kev Cawv thiab Cawv . Xyoo 1983, nws tau txais nws lub npe tam sim no. Nws tau sib koom ua ke thiab tau luam tawm los ntawm Medical Council on Cawv (MCA) nrog rau Oxford University Press, uas tau yuav 50 feem pua ​​hauv phau ntawv xov xwm hauv xyoo 2011. Nws yog ntawv xov xwm ntawm ob lub MCA thiab European Society rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ciaj Ntsig rau Cawv. Cov kws kho sau ntawv yog Jonathan D. Chick, Philippe de Witte, thiab Lorenzo Leggio. Raws li Phau Ntawv Teev Cov Ntawv Sau Xov Xwm , cov phau ntawv sau xov xwm muaj feem cuam tshuam 2015 ntawm 2.724, nws yog qeb thib 7 ntawm 18 xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv "Cov Hloov Tsis Raws Cai".
Cawv% 26_Tobacco_Tax_% 26_Trade_B Bureau / Cawv thiab Luam Yeeb thiab Luam Yeeb: Lub Chaw Haujlwm Dej Caw thiab Luam Yeeb Kev Ua Haujlwm , tau sau npe rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam thiab ua kom luv luv rau TTB , yog lub chaw lis haujlwm ntawm Tsoomfwv Meskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Nyiaj Txiag, uas tswj thiab sau se rau kev lag luam thiab kev siv cawv, luam yeeb, thiab phom. nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States.
Cawv (Barenaked_Ladies_song) / Cawv (Barenaked Ladies song): " Quav Cawv " yog zaj nkauj los ntawm Alternative Rock pawg Barenaked Ladies tso tawm raws li qhov kawg ib zaug thiab thib rau khiav ntawm lawv 1998 album Stunt . Txawm hais tias nws tsis ua daim phiaj xwm ntawm Billboard Hot 100 lossis UK Singles Chart, nws tau txais qee qhov kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Asmeskas Cov Ntawv Pob Ntseg Niaj Hnub Niaj Hnub, nws nyob ntawm No. 33 ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Zaj nkauj hais txog kev haus cawv. Zaj nkauj tshwj xeeb hauv 2012 Davhlau Dav Hlau .
Cawv (Brad_Paisley_song) / Cawv (Brad Paisley song): " Cawv " yog ib zaj nkauj sau thiab sau los ntawm American teb chaws suab paj nruag Brad Paisley. Nws tau tso rau thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 2005 uas yog thawj zaug los ntawm Paisley zaj nkauj Lub Sij Hawm Zoo Wasted , nce mus txog tus naj npawb 4 ntawm Billboard Cov Nkauj Kub Lub Tebchaws. Nws kuj tau tawm ntawm tus lej 28 ntawm US Billboard Hot 100.
Cawv (CSS_song) / Cansei de Ser Sexy: Cansei de Ser Sexy yog thawj qhov ntev tag nrho album los ntawm Brazilian indie pob zeb qhab CSS. Nws tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Kaum Hlis 9, 2005 los ntawm Trama hauv Brazil, qhov twg nws tshaj tawm muag 5,000 daim luam thiab tsis ua tiav daim duab. Nws tau tawm hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas thaum Lub Xya Hli 11, 2006 ntawm Sub Pop daim ntawv lo, thiab hauv tebchaws Askiv thaum Lub Ib Hlis 22, 2007 los ntawm Sire Cov Ntaub Ntawv. Tsuas pub siv ib daim nkauj tshiab xwb suav nrog CD-R. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov no yog tias tus neeg yuav yuav hlawv cov ntawv luam tawm rau daim CD-R muab rau lwm tus ua khoom plig, them rau hom kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov thev naus laus zis raws li qhov kev tshaj tawm thiab nrov nkauj.
Cawv (Yam tsawg kawg nkaus_Pricing) _ (Scotland) _Act_2012 / Cawv (Nqe qis kawg) (Scotland) Txoj Cai 2012: Txoj Cai Cawv (Scotland) Txoj Cai 2012 yog ib tsab cai ntawm Scottish Parliament, uas qhia txog cov cai tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov cawv, thaum pib 50p ib ntu, ua ib qho hauv kev pab cuam los daws teeb meem cawv
Cawv (dej cawv) / Dej cawv: Cawv dej cawv yog cov cawv uas muaj cawv cawv, ib hom cawv uas tsim los ntawm kev kho cov nplej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lossis lwm yam qab zib. Kev haus dej haus cawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau haiv neeg. Yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws muaj cov cai tswj kev tsim, muag, thiab haus dej haus cawv. Qee lub tebchaws txwv txoj haujlwm ntawd tag nrho, tabsis cov dej cawv muaj cai nyob rau ntau qhov hauv lub ntiaj teb. Kev lag luam dej cawv thoob ntiaj teb tau tshaj $ 1 trillion nyob hauv 2018.
Cawv (chemistry) / Cawv: Hauv kev siv tshuaj, dej cawv yog ib cov organic sib xyaw uas nqa tsawg kawg ib pawg hydroxyl ua haujlwm (−OH) ua txhua yam kom muaj cov roj carbon atom. Lub sij hawm cawv thaum chiv thawj xa mus rau cov thawj cawv cawv cawv (ethyl cawv), uas yog siv los ua yeeb tshuaj thiab yog cov dej cawv tseem ceeb hauv cov dej cawv. Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov dej cawv, ntawm cov methanol thiab ethanol yog cov tswvcuab yooj yim tshaj plaws, suav nrog txhua qhov sib xyaw uas cov qauv mis ntau yog C n H 2n + 1 OH. Cov dej cawv uas yooj yim uas yog cov ntsiab lus hauv tsab xov xwm no suav nrog thawj (RCH 2 OH), cawv qis (R 2 CHOH) thiab cawv cawv cawv (R 3 COH).
Cawv (disambiguation) / Cawv (disambiguation): Cawv yog ib cov organic sib xyaw uas ib pawg ua haujlwm hydroxyl khi rau cov pa roj carbon atom. Qee qhov cawv feem ntau yog: Ethanol, isopropyl cawv (IPA), thiab methanol.
Cawv (haus) / Dej cawv: Cawv dej cawv yog cov cawv uas muaj cawv cawv, ib hom cawv uas tsim los ntawm kev kho cov nplej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lossis lwm yam qab zib. Kev haus dej haus cawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau haiv neeg. Yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws muaj cov cai tswj kev tsim, muag, thiab haus dej haus cawv. Qee lub tebchaws txwv txoj haujlwm ntawd tag nrho, tabsis cov dej cawv muaj cai nyob rau ntau qhov hauv lub ntiaj teb. Kev lag luam dej cawv thoob ntiaj teb tau tshaj $ 1 trillion nyob hauv 2018.
Cawv (dej qab zib) / Dej cawv: Cawv dej cawv yog cov cawv uas muaj cawv cawv, ib hom cawv uas tsim los ntawm kev kho cov nplej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lossis lwm yam qab zib. Kev haus dej haus cawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau haiv neeg. Yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws muaj cov cai tswj kev tsim, muag, thiab haus dej haus cawv. Qee lub tebchaws txwv txoj haujlwm ntawd tag nrho, tabsis cov dej cawv muaj cai nyob rau ntau qhov hauv lub ntiaj teb. Kev lag luam dej cawv thoob ntiaj teb tau tshaj $ 1 trillion nyob hauv 2018.
Cawv (yeeb tshuaj) / Cawv (tshuaj): Cawv , qee zaum kuj tau hais txog lub npe tshuaj lom neeg ethanol , yog cov tshuaj psychoactive uas yog cov nquag haus hauv dej haus xws li npias, cawv, thiab cov ntsuj plig distilled. Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov kev ua si qub tshaj plaws thiab nquag ua, ua rau muaj lub cev xeeb ceem ntawm haus cawv ("qaug cawv"). Ntawm lwm cov kev cuam tshuam, cawv ua rau muaj kev zoo siab thiab zoo siab, txo kev ntxhov siab, kev muaj peev xwm ntau ntxiv, ua kom poob siab, poob siab ntawm qhov kev txawj ntse, cim xeeb, lub cev muaj zog, thiab lub siab ua haujlwm, thiab kev nyuaj siab feem ntau ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb kev ua haujlwm. Ethanol tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau lub cawv, tab sis nws tsuas yog cov cawv uas pom muaj hauv cov cawv lossis feem ntau siv rau kev lom zem; lwm yam cawv xws li methanol thiab isopropyl cawv yog ib yam tshuaj lom ntau dua. Ib qho me, maj mam kov raug isopropanol, tsuas yog muaj mob hauv nruab nrab lub cev ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov tsis zoo uas yuav ua rau muaj mob loj. Cov tshuaj Methanol, yog tshuaj lom ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov ua rau muaj ntau thiab tsawg li 10-15 millilit.
Cawv (zaj duab xis) / Alkohol: Alkohol yog xyoo 1919 German ntsiag to ua yeeb yaj kiab zaj yeeb yaj kiab qhia los ntawm Ewald André Dupont thiab Alfred Lind thiab starring Wilhelm Diegelmann, Ernst Rückert, thiab Georg H. Schnell. Naam tau pib los ntawm Lind tab sis tiav los ntawm Dupont. Nws yog nws thawj lub suab paj nruag loj, thiab sawv cev rau kev sib tawg hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Zaj duab xis lub ntsiab lus thiab teeb tsa ua rau pom ntau ntawm nws cov haujlwm tom qab. Nws yog ib hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm "Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Cov Teeb Meem" uas kuaj cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo, uas tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig. Nws premiered ntawm Marmorhaus hauv Berlin.
Cawv (nees) / Cawv (nees): Cawv yog tus so haujlwm Australian Thoroughbred haiv neeg uas tau kawm los ntawm Richard Jolly ntawm Morphettville hauv South Australia.Sport xiav cov xim xiav nrog lub tsho liab-daj thiab lub tes tsho daj, Cawv yog nyiam nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv South Australia.
Cawv (ntawv xov xwm) / Cawv (ntawv xov xwm): Cawv yog ib phau ntawv xov xwm kho mob ntawm cov neeg raug mob piav txog kev tshawb fawb txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev haus cawv. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1984 thiab luam tawm cuaj zaug hauv ib xyoo los ntawm Elsevier. Tus sau ntawv yog tus yawg David Lovinger. Raws li cov ntawv sau Journal of Citation Reports , phau ntawv sau xov xwm muaj 2014 feem cuam tshuam ntawm 2.006.
Cawv (medical_use) / Cawv (tshuaj): Cov dej cawv ua ntau yam, siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj uas yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov dej cawv ua rau siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog siv los tua kab mob tawv nqaij ua ntej siv rab koob ua ntej thiab ua ntej phais mob. Lawv tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si los tua cov tawv nqaij ntawm tus neeg thiab txhais tes ntawm cov kws kho mob. Lawv kuj tseem siv tau los ntxuav lwm thaj chaw thiab cov tshuaj yaug qhov ncauj. Nqa los ntawm qhov ncauj lossis txhaj rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav, ethanol yog siv los kho methanol lossis ethylene glycol toxicity thaum fomepizole tsis muaj.
Cawv (tshuaj) / Cawv (tshuaj): Cov dej cawv ua ntau yam, siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj uas yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov dej cawv ua rau siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog siv los tua kab mob tawv nqaij ua ntej siv rab koob ua ntej thiab ua ntej phais mob. Lawv tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si los tua cov tawv nqaij ntawm tus neeg thiab txhais tes ntawm cov kws kho mob. Lawv kuj tseem siv tau los ntxuav lwm thaj chaw thiab cov tshuaj yaug qhov ncauj. Nqa los ntawm qhov ncauj lossis txhaj rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav, ethanol yog siv los kho methanol lossis ethylene glycol toxicity thaum fomepizole tsis muaj.
Cawv (psychoactive_drug) / Cawv (tshuaj): Cawv , qee zaum kuj tau hais txog lub npe tshuaj lom neeg ethanol , yog cov tshuaj psychoactive uas yog cov nquag haus hauv dej haus xws li npias, cawv, thiab cov ntsuj plig distilled. Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov kev ua si qub tshaj plaws thiab nquag ua, ua rau muaj lub cev xeeb ceem ntawm haus cawv ("qaug cawv"). Ntawm lwm cov kev cuam tshuam, cawv ua rau muaj kev zoo siab thiab zoo siab, txo kev ntxhov siab, kev muaj peev xwm ntau ntxiv, ua kom poob siab, poob siab ntawm qhov kev txawj ntse, cim xeeb, lub cev muaj zog, thiab lub siab ua haujlwm, thiab kev nyuaj siab feem ntau ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb kev ua haujlwm. Ethanol tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau lub cawv, tab sis nws tsuas yog cov cawv uas pom muaj hauv cov cawv lossis feem ntau siv rau kev lom zem; lwm yam cawv xws li methanol thiab isopropyl cawv yog ib yam tshuaj lom ntau dua. Ib qho me, maj mam kov raug isopropanol, tsuas yog muaj mob hauv nruab nrab lub cev ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov tsis zoo uas yuav ua rau muaj mob loj. Cov tshuaj Methanol, yog tshuaj lom ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov ua rau muaj ntau thiab tsawg li 10-15 millilit.
Cawv (psychoactive_substance) / Cawv (tshuaj): Cawv , qee zaum kuj tau hais txog lub npe tshuaj lom neeg ethanol , yog cov tshuaj psychoactive uas yog cov nquag haus hauv dej haus xws li npias, cawv, thiab cov ntsuj plig distilled. Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov kev ua si qub tshaj plaws thiab nquag ua, ua rau muaj lub cev xeeb ceem ntawm haus cawv ("qaug cawv"). Ntawm lwm cov kev cuam tshuam, cawv ua rau muaj kev zoo siab thiab zoo siab, txo kev ntxhov siab, kev muaj peev xwm ntau ntxiv, ua kom poob siab, poob siab ntawm qhov kev txawj ntse, cim xeeb, lub cev muaj zog, thiab lub siab ua haujlwm, thiab kev nyuaj siab feem ntau ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb kev ua haujlwm. Ethanol tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau lub cawv, tab sis nws tsuas yog cov cawv uas pom muaj hauv cov cawv lossis feem ntau siv rau kev lom zem; lwm yam cawv xws li methanol thiab isopropyl cawv yog ib yam tshuaj lom ntau dua. Ib qho me, maj mam kov raug isopropanol, tsuas yog muaj mob hauv nruab nrab lub cev ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov tsis zoo uas yuav ua rau muaj mob loj. Cov tshuaj Methanol, yog tshuaj lom ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov ua rau muaj ntau thiab tsawg li 10-15 millilit.
Cawv (recreational_drug) / Cawv (tshuaj): Cawv , qee zaum kuj tau hais txog lub npe tshuaj lom neeg ethanol , yog cov tshuaj psychoactive uas yog cov nquag haus hauv dej haus xws li npias, cawv, thiab cov ntsuj plig distilled. Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov kev ua si qub tshaj plaws thiab nquag ua, ua rau muaj lub cev xeeb ceem ntawm haus cawv ("qaug cawv"). Ntawm lwm cov kev cuam tshuam, cawv ua rau muaj kev zoo siab thiab zoo siab, txo kev ntxhov siab, kev muaj peev xwm ntau ntxiv, ua kom poob siab, poob siab ntawm qhov kev txawj ntse, cim xeeb, lub cev muaj zog, thiab lub siab ua haujlwm, thiab kev nyuaj siab feem ntau ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb kev ua haujlwm. Ethanol tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau lub cawv, tab sis nws tsuas yog cov cawv uas pom muaj hauv cov cawv lossis feem ntau siv rau kev lom zem; lwm yam cawv xws li methanol thiab isopropyl cawv yog ib yam tshuaj lom ntau dua. Ib qho me, maj mam kov raug isopropanol, tsuas yog muaj mob hauv nruab nrab lub cev ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov tsis zoo uas yuav ua rau muaj mob loj. Cov tshuaj Methanol, yog tshuaj lom ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov ua rau muaj ntau thiab tsawg li 10-15 millilit.
Cawv (recreational_substance) / Cawv (yeeb tshuaj): Cawv , qee zaum kuj tau hais txog lub npe tshuaj lom neeg ethanol , yog cov tshuaj psychoactive uas yog cov nquag haus hauv dej haus xws li npias, cawv, thiab cov ntsuj plig distilled. Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov kev ua si qub tshaj plaws thiab nquag ua, ua rau muaj lub cev xeeb ceem ntawm haus cawv ("qaug cawv"). Ntawm lwm cov kev cuam tshuam, cawv ua rau muaj kev zoo siab thiab zoo siab, txo kev ntxhov siab, kev muaj peev xwm ntau ntxiv, ua kom poob siab, poob siab ntawm qhov kev txawj ntse, cim xeeb, lub cev muaj zog, thiab lub siab ua haujlwm, thiab kev nyuaj siab feem ntau ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb kev ua haujlwm. Ethanol tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau lub cawv, tab sis nws tsuas yog cov cawv uas pom muaj hauv cov cawv lossis feem ntau siv rau kev lom zem; lwm yam cawv xws li methanol thiab isopropyl cawv yog ib yam tshuaj lom ntau dua. Ib qho me, maj mam kov raug isopropanol, tsuas yog muaj mob hauv nruab nrab lub cev ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov tsis zoo uas yuav ua rau muaj mob loj. Cov tshuaj Methanol, yog tshuaj lom ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov ua rau muaj ntau thiab tsawg li 10-15 millilit.
Cawv (software) / Cawv 120%: Cawv 120% yog kho qhov muag disc ua cov program thiab disk duab emulator tsim los ntawm Cawv cawv.
Cawv (nkauj) / Cawv (tsis meej): Cawv yog ib cov organic sib xyaw uas ib pawg ua haujlwm hydroxyl khi rau cov pa roj carbon atom. Qee qhov cawv feem ntau yog: Ethanol, isopropyl cawv (IPA), thiab methanol.
Cawv (tshuaj) / Cawv (tshuaj): Cawv , qee zaum kuj tau hais txog lub npe tshuaj lom neeg ethanol , yog cov tshuaj psychoactive uas yog cov nquag haus hauv dej haus xws li npias, cawv, thiab cov ntsuj plig distilled. Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov kev ua si qub tshaj plaws thiab nquag ua, ua rau muaj lub cev xeeb ceem ntawm haus cawv ("qaug cawv"). Ntawm lwm cov kev cuam tshuam, cawv ua rau muaj kev zoo siab thiab zoo siab, txo kev ntxhov siab, kev muaj peev xwm ntau ntxiv, ua kom poob siab, poob siab ntawm qhov kev txawj ntse, cim xeeb, lub cev muaj zog, thiab lub siab ua haujlwm, thiab kev nyuaj siab feem ntau ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb kev ua haujlwm. Ethanol tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau lub cawv, tab sis nws tsuas yog cov cawv uas pom muaj hauv cov cawv lossis feem ntau siv rau kev lom zem; lwm yam cawv xws li methanol thiab isopropyl cawv yog ib yam tshuaj lom ntau dua. Ib qho me, maj mam kov raug isopropanol, tsuas yog muaj mob hauv nruab nrab lub cev ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov tsis zoo uas yuav ua rau muaj mob loj. Cov tshuaj Methanol, yog tshuaj lom ntau dua li ethanol, yog qhov ua rau muaj ntau thiab tsawg li 10-15 millilit.
Cawv 120 / Cawv 120%: Cawv 120% yog kho qhov muag disc ua cov program thiab disk duab emulator tsim los ntawm Cawv cawv.
Cawv 120% 25 / Cawv 120%: Cawv 120% yog kho qhov muag disc ua cov program thiab disk duab emulator tsim los ntawm Cawv cawv.
Cawv 52 / Cawv 120%: Cawv 120% yog kho qhov muag disc ua cov program thiab disk duab emulator tsim los ntawm Cawv cawv.
Cawv 52% 25_FE / Cawv 120%: Cawv 120% yog kho qhov muag disc ua cov program thiab disk duab emulator tsim los ntawm Cawv cawv.
Cawv 68 / Cawv 120%: Cawv 120% yog kho qhov muag disc ua cov program thiab disk duab emulator tsim los ntawm Cawv cawv.
Cawv 68% 25 / Cawv 120%: Cawv 120% yog kho qhov muag disc ua cov program thiab disk duab emulator tsim los ntawm Cawv cawv.
Kev Tsim Txom Cawv / Cawv: Kev haus dej cawv ua rau muaj ntau yam tsis zoo ntawm kev haus cawv, xws li los ntawm kev haus cawv mus rau kev haus dej caw, muaj xwm txheej loj ua rau muaj mob rau cov tib neeg thiab cov teeb meem loj hauv zej zog xws li kev ua txhaum cawv.
Dej Cawv Advertising_on_College_Campuses / Dej cawv tshaj tawm nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab: Ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tebchaws Meskas muaj qee hom kev tshaj tawm txog dej cawv nrog rau daim ntawv tshaj tawm rau ntawm cov ntawv tshaj xov mus rau cov paib me me ntawm daim npav. Nws muaj ntau nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab raug suav tias yog "pawg lag luam tawm," txhais tau tias cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab tau haus cawv ntau dua li lwm pab pawg hnub nyoog, uas ua rau lawv ua thawj cov neeg haus cawv hauv tebchaws United States. Kas.
Cawv Kev Tawm Tswv Yim Kho Cawv_Council_of_New_Zealand / Kev Pab Cuam Pab Cawv Caw ntawm New Zealand: Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Cawv hauv Dej Hiav Txwv ntawm New Zealand ("ALAC") tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1976, los ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm New Zealand, raws li Txoj Cai Kev Pab Cuam Cawv ntawm Txoj Cai Kho Xyoo 1976, tom qab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Royal Commission of Enquiry hauv Kev Muag Khoom Muag. Nws lub hom phiaj yog "kev txhawb nqa thiab txhawb kev haus dej cawv hauv kev haus cawv, kev poob siab thiab txo qis ntawm kev haus dej cawv, thiab txo qis ntawm tus kheej, kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev raug mob kev lag luam los ntawm kev haus cawv tsis zoo."
Haus Cawv Age_Limit / Raws li kev cai haus dej hnub nyoog: Hnub nyoog kev cai lij choj haus yog lub hnub nyoog tsawg kawg uas ib tug neeg tuaj yeem haus dej haus cawv tau raug cai. Kev haus dej haus cawv tsawg kawg nkaus tuaj yeem noj tau raws li lub hnub nyoog tuaj yeem mus yuav tau hauv qee lub tebchaws. Cov cai no sib txawv ntawm cov teb chaws thiab ntau txoj cai muaj kev zam lossis qee yam tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau txoj cai lij choj tsuas yog siv rau haus cawv hauv cov chaw pej xeem nrog kev haus cawv hauv tsev feem ntau tsis muaj cai txwv. Qee lub tebchaws tseem muaj lub hnub nyoog txawv rau cov dej cawv sib txawv.
Cawv Cawv / Cawv thiab Cawv: Kev Cawv Cawv thiab Cawv yog cawv luam yeeb tshuaj ib tsab xov xwm kho mob ntsig txog kev quav cawv thiab lwm yam mob dej cawv Nws tau tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1963 ua daim ntawv xov xwm ntawm Kev Cawv Cawv , nrog HD Chalke ua tus tsim editor. Xyoo 1968, nws tau hloov npe hu ua phau ntawv Journal of Alcoholism , thiab xyoo 1977, nws tau rov qab hloov dua tshiab, lub sijhawm no mus rau British Journal ntawm Kev Cawv thiab Cawv . Xyoo 1983, nws tau txais nws lub npe tam sim no. Nws tau sib koom ua ke thiab tau luam tawm los ntawm Medical Council on Cawv (MCA) nrog rau Oxford University Press, uas tau yuav 50 feem pua ​​hauv phau ntawv xov xwm hauv xyoo 2011. Nws yog ntawv xov xwm ntawm ob lub MCA thiab European Society rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ciaj Ntsig rau Cawv. Cov kws kho sau ntawv yog Jonathan D. Chick, Philippe de Witte, thiab Lorenzo Leggio. Raws li Phau Ntawv Teev Cov Ntawv Sau Xov Xwm , cov phau ntawv sau xov xwm muaj feem cuam tshuam 2015 ntawm 2.724, nws yog qeb thib 7 ntawm 18 xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv "Cov Hloov Tsis Raws Cai".
Cawv Cawv./Auav Cawv thiab Cawv: Kev Cawv Cawv thiab Cawv yog cawv luam yeeb tshuaj ib tsab xov xwm kho mob ntsig txog kev quav cawv thiab lwm yam mob dej cawv Nws tau tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1963 ua daim ntawv xov xwm ntawm Kev Cawv Cawv , nrog HD Chalke ua tus tsim editor. Xyoo 1968, nws tau hloov npe hu ua phau ntawv Journal of Alcoholism , thiab xyoo 1977, nws tau rov qab hloov dua tshiab, lub sijhawm no mus rau British Journal ntawm Kev Cawv thiab Cawv . Xyoo 1983, nws tau txais nws lub npe tam sim no. Nws tau sib koom ua ke thiab tau luam tawm los ntawm Medical Council on Cawv (MCA) nrog rau Oxford University Press, uas tau yuav 50 feem pua ​​hauv phau ntawv xov xwm hauv xyoo 2011. Nws yog ntawv xov xwm ntawm ob lub MCA thiab European Society rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ciaj Ntsig rau Cawv. Cov kws kho sau ntawv yog Jonathan D. Chick, Philippe de Witte, thiab Lorenzo Leggio. Raws li Phau Ntawv Teev Cov Ntawv Sau Xov Xwm , cov phau ntawv sau xov xwm muaj feem cuam tshuam 2015 ntawm 2.724, nws yog qeb thib 7 ntawm 18 xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv "Cov Hloov Tsis Raws Cai".
Cawv Cawv._Suppl./Aawv Cawv thiab Cawv Cawv: Kev Cawv Cawv thiab Cawv yog cawv luam yeeb tshuaj ib tsab xov xwm kho mob ntsig txog kev quav cawv thiab lwm yam mob dej cawv Nws tau tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1963 ua daim ntawv xov xwm ntawm Kev Cawv Cawv , nrog HD Chalke ua tus tsim editor. Xyoo 1968, nws tau hloov npe hu ua phau ntawv Journal of Alcoholism , thiab xyoo 1977, nws tau rov qab hloov dua tshiab, lub sijhawm no mus rau British Journal ntawm Kev Cawv thiab Cawv . Xyoo 1983, nws tau txais nws lub npe tam sim no. Nws tau sib koom ua ke thiab tau luam tawm los ntawm Medical Council on Cawv (MCA) nrog rau Oxford University Press, uas tau yuav 50 feem pua ​​hauv phau ntawv xov xwm hauv xyoo 2011. Nws yog ntawv xov xwm ntawm ob lub MCA thiab European Society rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ciaj Ntsig rau Cawv. Cov kws kho sau ntawv yog Jonathan D. Chick, Philippe de Witte, thiab Lorenzo Leggio. Raws li Phau Ntawv Teev Cov Ntawv Sau Xov Xwm , cov phau ntawv sau xov xwm muaj feem cuam tshuam 2015 ntawm 2.724, nws yog qeb thib 7 ntawm 18 xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv "Cov Hloov Tsis Raws Cai".
Cawv Cawv / Dej cawv thiab Cawv: Kev Cawv Cawv thiab Cawv yog cawv luam yeeb tshuaj ib tsab xov xwm kho mob ntsig txog kev quav cawv thiab lwm yam mob dej cawv Nws tau tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1963 ua daim ntawv xov xwm ntawm Kev Cawv Cawv , nrog HD Chalke ua tus tsim editor. Xyoo 1968, nws tau hloov npe hu ua phau ntawv Journal of Alcoholism , thiab xyoo 1977, nws tau rov qab hloov dua tshiab, lub sijhawm no mus rau British Journal ntawm Kev Cawv thiab Cawv . Xyoo 1983, nws tau txais nws lub npe tam sim no. Nws tau sib koom ua ke thiab tau luam tawm los ntawm Medical Council on Cawv (MCA) nrog rau Oxford University Press, uas tau yuav 50 feem pua ​​hauv phau ntawv xov xwm hauv xyoo 2011. Nws yog ntawv xov xwm ntawm ob lub MCA thiab European Society rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ciaj Ntsig rau Cawv. Cov kws kho sau ntawv yog Jonathan D. Chick, Philippe de Witte, thiab Lorenzo Leggio. Raws li Phau Ntawv Teev Cov Ntawv Sau Xov Xwm , cov phau ntawv sau xov xwm muaj feem cuam tshuam 2015 ntawm 2.724, nws yog qeb thib 7 ntawm 18 xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv "Cov Hloov Tsis Raws Cai".
Cawv Thiab_Christianity / Christian views ntawm cawv: Cov ntseeg txoj kev xav txog cawv yog muaj ntau yam. Nyob rau thawj 1,800 xyoo hauv lub Koom Txoos keeb kwm, cov ntseeg feem ntau haus cawv ntau qhov ntawm lub neej niaj hnub thiab siv "cov txiv hmab hauv lub txiv hmab" hauv lawv qhov nruab nrab - qhov Eucharist lossis tus Tswv Pluas Hmo. Lawv tau hais tias phau Vajluskub thiab cov ntseeg ib txwm qhia tias kev haus cawv yog qhov khoom plig los ntawm Vajtswv uas ua rau lub neej muaj kev zoo siab ntau dua, tab sis kev haus ntau dhau ua rau kev qaug cawv yog qhov txhaum.
Cawv Cawv / Haus Cawv Ua Si: Cov Cawv Cawv Chaw Tso Dej Haus cawv yuav xa mus rau: Xeev California Feem Cawv Tswj Dej Caw Lub Tebchaws North Carolina Cov Cawv Tswj Xyuas Dej Caw Texas Txoj Kev Haus Dej Caw
Cawv Cawv_Control_States / Dej cawv tswj lub xeev: Cov dej cawv tswj lub xeev , feem ntau hu ua cov tswj kev tswj hwm , yog 17 lub xeev hauv Tebchaws Meskas uas, txij li xyoo 2016, muaj lub xeev txoj kev tso cai hla kev muag khoom lossis muag khoom ntawm qee lossis txhua pawg cawv, xws li npias, cawv, thiab cov dej haus.
Haus Cawv_Monopoly_States / Dej cawv tswj lub xeev: Cov dej cawv tswj lub xeev , feem ntau hu ua cov tswj kev tswj hwm , yog 17 lub xeev hauv Tebchaws Meskas uas, txij li xyoo 2016, muaj lub xeev txoj kev tso cai hla kev muag khoom lossis muag khoom ntawm qee lossis txhua pawg cawv, xws li npias, cawv, thiab cov dej haus.
Cawv Dej Cawv_Australia / Dej Cawv Australia: Cawv Cawv Australia (ABA) yog lub koom haum Australian non-profit member-koom haum uas sawv cev rau cov neeg muag khoom, cov tsim khoom lag luam thiab tsim cov cawv nyob hauv Australia. Tus thawj coj tam sim no yog Bryan Fry; tus thawj coj hauv koom haum yog Andrew Wilsmore.
Cawv Hloov / Cawv Hloov UK: Cawv Hloov UK yog lub koomhaum pab neeg Askiv thiab pab pawg muaj kev sib tw tsim xyoo 1984 uas nws lub hom phiaj yog txo qis kev tsim txom los ntawm kev haus cawv. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws paub rau nws cov flagship paub txog cov kev pab cuam cawv cawv lim piam thiab qhuav Lub ib hlis ntuj.
Cawv Hloov_UK / Cawv Hloov UK: Cawv Hloov UK yog lub koomhaum pab neeg Askiv thiab pab pawg muaj kev sib tw tsim xyoo 1984 uas nws lub hom phiaj yog txo qis kev tsim txom los ntawm kev haus cawv. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws paub rau nws cov flagship paub txog cov kev pab cuam cawv cawv lim piam thiab qhuav Lub ib hlis ntuj.
Cawv Cawv Clin_Exp_Res / Alcoholism: Kev Soj Ntsuam thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb: Kev Haus Cawv: Kev Soj Ntsuam thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb yog xov xwm txuj tshawb fawb txog kev haus cawv thiab nws cov kev kho mob. Nws yog luam tawm los ntawm Wiley-Blackwell sawv cev ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Caj Cawv txog Kev Quaj Cawv thiab Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Cawv Cawv.
Kev txhawj xeeb txog dej cawv / Cawv Hloov UK: Cawv Hloov UK yog lub koomhaum pab neeg Askiv thiab pab pawg muaj kev sib tw tsim xyoo 1984 uas nws lub hom phiaj yog txo qis kev tsim txom los ntawm kev haus cawv. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws paub rau nws cov flagship paub txog cov kev pab cuam cawv cawv lim piam thiab qhuav Lub ib hlis ntuj.
Haus Cawv / Haus Cawv: Cawv dej cawv yog cov cawv uas muaj cawv cawv, ib hom cawv uas tsim los ntawm kev kho cov nplej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lossis lwm yam qab zib. Kev haus dej haus cawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau haiv neeg. Yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws muaj cov cai tswj kev tsim, muag, thiab haus dej haus cawv. Qee lub tebchaws txwv txoj haujlwm ntawd tag nrho, tabsis cov dej cawv muaj cai nyob rau ntau qhov hauv lub ntiaj teb. Kev lag luam dej cawv thoob ntiaj teb tau tshaj $ 1 trillion nyob hauv 2018.
Cawv tswj_Area / Tshawb Pom qhov chaw pej xeem: Cov chaw tsim kev cai pej xeem ( DPPOs ) muab kev tso cai rau tub ceev xwm yuam kom ib tug neeg tsum haus cawv thiab tso cov cawv lossis cov cawv los ntawm cov neeg uas lawv ntseeg tias tabtom haus lossis haus cawv hauv cov chaw pej xeem uas qhov kev txiav txim pib siv. Hauv London Borough of Southwark, DPPOs tseem hu ua thaj chaw tswj dej cawv ( ACAs ), thaum nyob hauv London ntawm Hammersmith thiab Fulham, lawv hu ua thaj chaw haus cawv ( CDAs ) lossis tswj chaw haus cawv ( CDZs ). Ua tsis tau raws cov kev txwv cawv hauv DPPOs tuaj yeem ua rau ntes thiab / lossis raug nplua txog to 500. DPPO yog ua raws los ntawm cov tswv yim hauv zej zog txhawm rau daws cov kev ua txhaum kev haus cawv thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv cov chaw pej xeem. Raws li Lub Rau Hli 2009 712 DPPOs tau siv los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam txij li ntu 12 ntawm Tub Ceev Xwm thiab Kev Txhaum Cai Kev Ncaj Ncees xyoo 2001 muab rau pawg sab laj muaj zog ua li ntawd qhov chaw uas lawv tau txaus siab tias thaj chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev haus cawv thiab kev ua txhaum. Ib qho kev cuam tshuam zoo los ntawm kev tswj hwm DPPO lub hwj chim yog kev txav tawm ntawm txoj kev haus cawv rau thaj chaw ze.
Kev Tswj Dej Cawv Cov chaw tsim kev cai pej xeem ( DPPOs ) muab kev tso cai rau tub ceev xwm yuam kom ib tug neeg tsum haus cawv thiab tso cov cawv lossis cov cawv los ntawm cov neeg uas lawv ntseeg tias tabtom haus lossis haus cawv hauv cov chaw pej xeem uas qhov kev txiav txim pib siv. Hauv London Borough of Southwark, DPPOs tseem hu ua thaj chaw tswj dej cawv ( ACAs ), thaum nyob hauv London ntawm Hammersmith thiab Fulham, lawv hu ua thaj chaw haus cawv ( CDAs ) lossis tswj chaw haus cawv ( CDZs ). Ua tsis tau raws cov kev txwv cawv hauv DPPOs tuaj yeem ua rau ntes thiab / lossis raug nplua txog to 500. DPPO yog ua raws los ntawm cov tswv yim hauv zej zog txhawm rau daws cov kev ua txhaum kev haus cawv thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv cov chaw pej xeem. Raws li Lub Rau Hli 2009 712 DPPOs tau siv los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam txij li ntu 12 ntawm Tub Ceev Xwm thiab Kev Txhaum Cai Kev Ncaj Ncees xyoo 2001 muab rau pawg sab laj muaj zog ua li ntawd qhov chaw uas lawv tau txaus siab tias thaj chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev haus cawv thiab kev ua txhaum. Ib qho kev cuam tshuam zoo los ntawm kev tswj hwm DPPO lub hwj chim yog kev txav tawm ntawm txoj kev haus cawv rau thaj chaw ze.
Cawv tswj_States / Dej cawv tswj lub xeev: Cov dej cawv tswj lub xeev , feem ntau hu ua cov tswj kev tswj hwm , yog 17 lub xeev hauv Tebchaws Meskas uas, txij li xyoo 2016, muaj lub xeev txoj kev tso cai hla kev muag khoom lossis muag khoom ntawm qee lossis txhua pawg cawv, xws li npias, cawv, thiab cov dej haus.
Cawv Denat / Tsis Cawv: Kev haus dej cawv ua kom tsis haum yog ethanol uas muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv ua kom nws lom, tsw-tsw, ntxhiab tsw, lossis xeev siab kom nws tsis txhob haus cov kev lom zem. Nws yog qee zaum sau kom thiaj pom tseeb. Pyridine thiab methanol, txhua yam thiab ua ke, ua rau cov dej cawv tsis txaus ntseeg lom; thiab denatonium ua rau nws iab.
Cawv Denat./Denatured cawv: Kev haus dej cawv ua kom tsis haum yog ethanol uas muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv ua kom nws lom, tsw-tsw, ntxhiab tsw, lossis xeev siab kom nws tsis txhob haus cov kev lom zem. Nws yog qee zaum sau kom thiaj pom tseeb. Pyridine thiab methanol, txhua yam thiab ua ke, ua rau cov dej cawv tsis txaus ntseeg lom; thiab denatonium ua rau nws iab.
Kev Cawv Cawv Kev Qhia Txog Alcohol__Data_Questionnaire / Dej Cawv Cov Lus Nug Txog Lub Cawv: Daim Ntawv Nug Txog Lub Cawv Kev Qhia Txog Cawv ( SADD ) yog cov ntsuas kev ntsuas kev kho mob uas siv los ntsuas tus neeg haus cawv cov cawv ua kev lom zem Cov lus nug tau tsim los ntawm Raistrick, D., Dunbar, G., & Davidson, R xyoo 1983. Cov lus nug muaj 15 cov lus nug uas tuaj yeem teb tau tus kheej los ntawm tus neeg lossis muab ua kev sib tham zoo.
Cawv Yeeb Tshuaj_Abuse_thiab_Mental_Health_Agency / Kev Tsim Txom thiab Kev Pab Rau Kev Puas Hlwb: Kev Hloov Chaw thiab Kev Pab Rau Kev Puas Hlwb yog ib ceg ntawm Asmeskas Tuam Tsev Txhawb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Tib Neeg. Nws raug them nrog kev txhim kho kom zoo dua qub thiab muaj kev kho mob thiab kho kom rov zoo li qub txhawm rau txo qis kev mob, kev tuag, kev xiam oob qhab, thiab tus nqi rau cov tib neeg los ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj thiab mob hlwb. Tus thawj coj ntawm SAMHSA qhia ncaj qha rau Tus Thawj Kav Xwm ntawm Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Tib Neeg. SAMHSA lub tsev hauv paus loj nyob sab nraud Rockville, Maryland.
Cawv Kev Kawm Ntawv Cawv_% 26_ Kev Kho Mob Rov Los_Foundation / Lub Hauv Paus rau Kev Tshawb Xyuas Dej Caw thiab Kev Kawm: Lub hauv paus rau Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Kawm Cawv ( FARE ), yav dhau los Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Cawv thiab Khoos Kas Kho Mob ( AERF ), yog tus kheej ywj siab, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, kev noj qab haus huv Australia cov koom haum raws li hauv Canberra.
Kev Qhia Tshuaj Cawv - thiab Kho Qhov Khoos Kas / Haus Cawv / Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Dej Cawv: Lub hauv paus rau Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Kawm Cawv ( FARE ), yav dhau los Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Cawv thiab Khoos Kas Kho Mob ( AERF ), yog tus kheej ywj siab, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, kev noj qab haus huv Australia cov koom haum raws li hauv Canberra.
Cawv Ethoxylate / Ethoxylation: Ethoxylation yog tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas ethylene oxide ntxiv rau lub zog ntxiv. Nws yog feem ntau xyaum ua alkoxylation, uas koom nrog ntxiv ntawm epoxides rau substrates.
Cawv Fermentation / Ethanol fermentation: Ethanol fermentation , tseem hu ua cawv cawv fermentation , yog cov txheej txheem roj ntsha uas hloov cov suab thaj xws li piam thaj, fructose, thiab sucrose rau hauv lub zog ntawm tes, ua cov tshuaj ethanol thiab carbon dioxide raws li by-products. Vim tias cov poov xab ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv no thaum tsis muaj oxygen, haus dej cawv lub cev yog suav tias yog qhov txheej txheem tsis nco qab. Nws kuj tseem nyob hauv qee hom ntses qhov chaw nws muab lub zog thaum oxygen tsis tshua muaj.
Haus Cawv Dawb / Cawv Dawb: Cawv Dawb yog ib qho Irish-bred, Askiv-kawm Thoroughbred racehorse. Nws yog ib tus hluas sau tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe xyoo 2020 thaum nws yeej ob ntawm nws peb qhov kev sib tw suav nrog Cheveley Park Stakes.
Cawv Dawb_Hand_Sanitizers / Cawv Cawv: Cawv cawv tuaj yeem xa mus rau: Tshuaj ntxuav tes Rhaub tshav kub muaj cawv Linis Quav cawv haus cawv Dab hazel (astringent) Cov ntaub ntawv kab lis kev cai Rub Kuv Nrog Cawv , zaj nkauj los ntawm Andy Montañez
Cawv Fueled_Brewtality / Cawv Cawv Fueled Brewtality: Cawv Cawv Tsis Muaj Kwvtij Noj Peb Caug !! +5 yog tus tawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais ua yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm American hnyav hlau pab pawg Dub Label Society. Nws tau kaw thaum lub Kaum Hlis 28, 2000, ntawm The Troubadour hauv West Hollywood. Daim Disc 2 muaj tsib qhov tshiab ncig ua si. Qhov no yog thawj zaug tso tawm los ntawm pawg hu nkauj uas muaj tus nruas Craig Nunenmacher.
Cawv Hluav Taws Xob Fueled_Brewtality_Live !! _% 2B5 / Cawv Cawv Cawv Brewtality: Cawv Cawv Tsis Muaj Kwvtij Noj Peb Caug !! +5 yog tus tawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais ua yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm American hnyav hlau pab pawg Dub Label Society. Nws tau kaw thaum lub Kaum Hlis 28, 2000, ntawm The Troubadour hauv West Hollywood. Daim Disc 2 muaj tsib qhov tshiab ncig ua si. Qhov no yog thawj zaug tso tawm los ntawm pawg hu nkauj uas muaj tus nruas Craig Nunenmacher.
Cawv Cawv Fueled_Fuckin% 27_Brewtality_Live / Cawv Cawv Brewtality: Cawv Cawv Tsis Muaj Kwvtij Noj Peb Caug !! +5 yog tus tawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais ua yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm American hnyav hlau pab pawg Dub Label Society. Nws tau kaw thaum lub Kaum Hlis 28, 2000, ntawm The Troubadour hauv West Hollywood. Daim Disc 2 muaj tsib qhov tshiab ncig ua si. Qhov no yog thawj zaug tso tawm los ntawm pawg hu nkauj uas muaj tus nruas Craig Nunenmacher.
Cawv Fuels / Cawv roj: Cov dej cawv ntau yog siv roj roj ua rau lub cav sab hauv. Thawj plaub aliphatic cawv muaj kev txaus siab li cov roj vim tias lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis tshuaj lom neeg, thiab lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv uas tso cai rau lawv siv rau hauv cov tshuab txuas nrog sab hauv. Tus qauv qhia tshuaj rau cov roj cawv yog C n H 2n + 1 OH .
Cawv Funny_Car / Cawv Funnycar: Cawv cawv Funnycar yog ib zaj npau suav American pob zeb ntawm Seattle, Washington.
Cawv Funny_Cars / Cawv Funnycar: Cawv cawv Funnycar yog ib zaj npau suav American pob zeb ntawm Seattle, Washington.
Cawv Funnycar / Cawv Funnycar: Cawv cawv Funnycar yog ib zaj npau suav American pob zeb ntawm Seattle, Washington.
Cawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv_% 26_Research_World / National Institute txog Kev Siv Dej Caw thiab Cawv: Lub koom haum National cawv txog kev haus cawv thiab haus dej cawv ( NIAAA ), uas yog ib feem ntawm Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Tebchaws, txhawb nqa thiab ua kev tshawb fawb txog biomedical thiab kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov teeb meem, qhov tshwm sim, kev kho mob, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev quav dej cawv thiab cawv muaj teeb meem. NIAAA ua haujlwm ob qho tib si li lub chaw pabcuam nyiaj pabcuam uas txhawb kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov tuam tsev tshawb nrhiav sab nraud thiab lub chaw tshawb xyuas nws tus kheej, uas cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cawv muaj nyob hauv tsev. Nws peev nyiaj kwv yees li 90% ntawm tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas. NIAAA luam tawm phau ntawv tshawb fawb txog Cawv Kev Tshawb Fawb: Kev Xyuas Tam Sim No.
Cawv Health_Alliance / Alcohol Health Alliance UK: Lub Cawv Cuam Tshuam Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv yog koom tes nrog ntau dua 50 lub koom haum uas muaj kev txaus siab txo qis kev puas tsuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev haus cawv tsis txaus ntseeg hauv UK Cov tswvcuab suav nrog lub cev kev khomob, lub koomhaum pabcuam thiab dej cawv kev noj qab haus huv xws li Royal College of Physicians, The British ថ្លើម ntseeg thiab txhawj xeeb txog dej cawv.
Cawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv_Alliance_UK / Cawv Noj Qab Haus Huv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Tebchaws UK: Lub Cawv Cuam Tshuam Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv yog koom tes nrog ntau dua 50 lub koom haum uas muaj kev txaus siab txo qis kev puas tsuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev haus cawv tsis txaus ntseeg hauv UK Cov tswvcuab suav nrog lub cev kev khomob, lub koomhaum pabcuam thiab dej cawv kev noj qab haus huv xws li Royal College of Physicians, The British ថ្លើម ntseeg thiab txhawj xeeb txog dej cawv.
Haus Cawv Is_Free / Cawv Yog Pub Dawb: "Cawv yog dawb" yog ib zaj nkauj ua los ntawm Koza Mostra thiab Agathonas Iakovidis. Nws yog Tim Nkij teb chaws txoj kev nkag mus rau hauv Eurovision Song Contest hauv 2013, qhov twg nws thiaj li tuaj 6 ntawm qhov kev sib tw kawg. Nws tau tsim raws li kev sib xyaw ntawm ska, punk thiab suab paj nruag rebetiko. Lub suab nkauj tshooj nkauj tau tso ua lus Askiv thaum nws tseem tshuav ua lus Greek. Nws tau ua ntawm Eurovision nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam hnav kilts. Zaj nkauj no tseem suav nrog ntau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau Greek tsoomfwv nuj nqis tiv nqi tiv nuj nqis thiab qhov kev xav ntawm kev txom nyem los ntawm nws.
Cawv Kev Ncaj Ncees / Dej Cawv Kev Ncaj Ncees: Cawv Kev Ncaj Ncees yog San Rafael, California-rau cov neeg tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, kev tshawb fawb thiab cov koom haum cov cai piav qhia nws tus kheej li "tus saib xyuas kev lag luam." Lub koom haum Marin tau hloov npe thiab rov ua lub npe hu ua Alcohol Justice hauv xyoo 2011; nws tau xub lub npe Lub Chaw Haujlwm Marin rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Cawv thiab Lwm Qhov Teeb Meem Siv Yeeb Tshuaj .
Cawv Korsakoff_ mob / Korsakoff syndrome: Korsakoff syndrome ( KS ) yog ib qho kev tsis haum xeeb ntawm lub cev thiamine (vitamin B 1 ) qhov tsis txaus ntseeg feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev haus dej cawv ntev. Cov kev mob siab ntsws thiab mob hlwb tau muaj npe tom qab Sergei Korsakoff, Lavxias neuropsychiatrist uas nrhiav tau nws thaum xyoo 19th lig.
Txoj Cai Cawv Quav Yeeb Yam_of_India / Dej cawv txoj cai ntawm Is Nrias teb: Lub hnub nyoog kev cai lij choj haus hauv Is Nrias teb thiab cov kev cai uas tswj kev muag thiab kev haus dej haus cawv muaj sib txawv ntawm xeev mus rau xeev. Hauv Is Nrias teb, kev haus dej haus cawv muaj kev txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv lub xeev Bihar, Gujarat thiab Nagaland, Mizoram nrog rau lub teb chaws ib puag ncig ntawm Lakshadweep. Muaj qee qhov kev txwv cawv rau qee cov cawv hauv qee lub nroog Manipur. Txhua lwm lub xeev Indian tso cai rau haus cawv tab sis txhim kho lub hnub nyoog haus cawv, uas muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv ntawm ib thaj av. Hauv qee lub xeev qhov kev haus dej haus cawv raws sijhawm yuav txawv rau ntau yam dej cawv.
Txoj Cai Cawv Cawv_of_Maine / Alcohol law of Maine: Txoj cai haus cawv ntawm Maine tswj kev muag thiab muaj cawv nyob rau hauv lub xeev Maine hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas. Maine yog lub cawv tswj fwm xeev.
Cawv O-acetyltransferase / Cawv O-acetyltransferase: Hauv cov enzymology, tus cawv O-acetyltransferase yog ib qho enzyme uas catalyzes cov tshuaj lom neeg mob acetyl-CoA + ib qho cawv CoA + ib qho ester acetyl
Cawv O-cinnamoyltransferase / Cawv O-cinnamoyltransferase: Hauv cov enzymology, cawv O-cinnamoyltransferase yog ib qho enzyme uas catalyzes cov tshuaj lom neeg mob 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + ROH alkyl cinnamate + suab thaj
Cawv Caw Caw- Ntsiab Lus / Chaw Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Pej Xeem: Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Pej Xeem Kev Nyab Xeeb ( CSPI ) yog Washington, DC-based tsis saib xyuas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab pab txhawb cov neeg siv khoom txhawb nqa uas txhawb nqa kev nyab xeeb thiab zaub mov noj qab haus huv dua.
Cawv Txwv Tsis Pub Cawv_in_Tamil_Nadu / Cawv Txwv Hauv Caw hauv Tamil Nadu: Kev Txwv Cawv hauv Tamil Nadu yog tswj hwm los ntawm Lub Xeev Kev Txwv thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm Tuav Dej Num raws li Tamil Nadu Kev Txwv Txoj Cai, 1937. TASMAC, lub xeev tsoomfwv cov tuam txhab tswj hwm cov lag luam wholesale thiab muag khoom muag ntawm cov dej cawv hauv lub Xeev. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 24, 2016, tom qab cog lus-hauv J. Jayalalitha tau tshaj tawm tias yuav kaw 500 lub khw cawv thiab txo cov sijhawm qhib kev lag luam ntawm lub khw muag dej cawv nyob thoob lub Xeev. Nyob rau 20 Lub Ob Hlis 2017, thawj lub chaw haujlwm tau kos npe los ntawm Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Edappadi K. Palaniswami yog qhov kev txiav txim txog 500 cawv cawv tso tawm los ntawm tsoomfwv TASMAC. Qhov no yog ntxiv rau ntawm 500 cawv cawv tso tawm los ntawm tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws J Jayalalithaa thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 2016.
Cawv Yam Muaj Feem cuam tshuam / Fetal cawv spectrum cuam tshuam: Fetal cawv spectrum ntsha tsis zoo ( FASDs ) yog ib yam mob uas tshwm sim rau tus neeg uas nws niam haus cawv thaum cev xeeb tub. Cov tsos mob tuaj yeem suav nrog qhov txawv txav, qhov siab me me, lub cev nyhav me me, lub taub hau me me, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev coj tus cwj pwm, kev kawm nyuaj thiab teeb meem nrog hnov ​​lossis pom. Cov cuam tshuam muaj feem ntau muaj teeb meem hauv tsev kawm ntawv, teeb meem kev cai lij choj, koom nrog hauv cov dej num muaj kev pheej hmoo siab thiab muaj teeb meem nrog cawv lossis lwm yam tshuaj. Cov yam ntxwv mob loj tshaj plaws yog paub mob kas cees cawv cawv ( FAS ). Lwm yam muaj xws li Ib Feem Fetal Cawv Mob Cawv ( pFAS ), Cawv-Cawv Neurodevelopmental Disorder ( ARND ), Static Encephalopathy , Cawv Yug Cawv ( ARBD ), thiab Neurobehavioral Disorder txuam nrog Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ( ND-PAE ). Qee leej lees txais FAS tsuas yog kev kuaj mob, pom cov pov thawj ua tsis txaus ntseeg muaj kev sib fwm nrog lwm hom.
Cawv Yam Muaj Feem Txog Cawv / Cawv: Kev haus dej cawv yog, hais txog, kev haus dej haus cawv uas ua rau muaj teeb meem kev mob hlwb lossis lub cev muaj mob loj. Kev quav dej quav cawv tsis yog qhov lees paub qhov chaw kuaj mob. Cov kev kuaj pom muaj feem ua tau yog kev siv dej cawv (DSM-5) lossis kev quav dej cawv muaj cawv (ICD-11).
Kev Tshawb Cawv Hauv Cawv: _Current_Rev Xyuas / Lub Koom Haum Hauv Tebchaws ntawm Kev Txom Nyem Dej Cawv thiab Cawv: Lub koom haum National cawv txog kev haus cawv thiab haus dej cawv ( NIAAA ), uas yog ib feem ntawm Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Tebchaws, txhawb nqa thiab ua kev tshawb fawb txog biomedical thiab kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov teeb meem, qhov tshwm sim, kev kho mob, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev quav dej cawv thiab cawv muaj teeb meem. NIAAA ua haujlwm ob qho tib si li lub chaw pabcuam nyiaj pabcuam uas txhawb kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov tuam tsev tshawb nrhiav sab nraud thiab lub chaw tshawb xyuas nws tus kheej, uas cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cawv muaj nyob hauv tsev. Nws peev nyiaj kwv yees li 90% ntawm tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas. NIAAA luam tawm phau ntawv tshawb fawb txog Cawv Kev Tshawb Fawb: Kev Xyuas Tam Sim No.
Cawv Kev Tshawb Fawb_thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv / Lub Koom Txoos Hauv Tebchaws ntawm Kev Txom Nyem Dej Cawv thiab Cawv: Lub koom haum National cawv txog kev haus cawv thiab haus dej cawv ( NIAAA ), uas yog ib feem ntawm Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Tebchaws, txhawb nqa thiab ua kev tshawb fawb txog biomedical thiab kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov teeb meem, qhov tshwm sim, kev kho mob, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev quav dej cawv thiab cawv muaj teeb meem. NIAAA ua haujlwm ob qho tib si li lub chaw pabcuam nyiaj pabcuam uas txhawb kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov tuam tsev tshawb nrhiav sab nraud thiab lub chaw tshawb xyuas nws tus kheej, uas cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cawv muaj nyob hauv tsev. Nws peev nyiaj kwv yees li 90% ntawm tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas. NIAAA luam tawm phau ntawv tshawb fawb txog Cawv Kev Tshawb Fawb: Kev Xyuas Tam Sim No.
Cawv Rubs / Cawv Cawv: Cawv cawv tuaj yeem xa mus rau: Tshuaj ntxuav tes Rhaub tshav kub muaj cawv Linis Quav cawv haus cawv Dab hazel (astringent) Cov ntaub ntawv kab lis kev cai Rub Kuv Nrog Cawv , zaj nkauj los ntawm Andy Montañez
Txoj Cai Cawv / Cawv Cawv: Txoj cai haus dej cawv yog txoj cai ntsig txog kev tsim khoom siv, siv, raug nyob hauv qab thiab muag cawv lossis dej cawv uas muaj ethanol. Cov dej cawv muaj xws li npias, cawv, cider, thiab ntsuj plig. Tebchaws Asmeskas txhais cov dej cawv muaj cawv li, "txhua yam dej cawv hauv cov ntawv ua kua uas tsis pub tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm ib feem pua ​​ntawm cov cawv los ntawm ntim", tab sis cov ntsiab lus no txawv thoob ntiaj teb. Cov kev cai no txwv tau cov neeg uas tuaj yeem tsim cov cawv, cov uas tuaj yeem yuav nws, thaum ib tus tuaj yeem yuav nws, daim ntawv lo thiab cov tshaj tawm, cov dej cawv uas tuaj yeem muag, qhov twg ib tus tuaj yeem haus nws, dab tsi ua si thaum raug txwv, thiab qhov twg yuav tuaj yeem yuav nws. Muaj qee kis, kev cai lij choj tau txwv tsis pub siv thiab muag cawv nkaus, ib yam li Kev Txwv hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas txij xyoo 1920 los txog niaj hnub no.
Cawv Septal_Ablation / Cawv septal ablation: Cawv septal ablation ( ASA ) yog tus txheej txheem uas tsis tuaj yeem, ua rau muaj tsawg los ntawm tus kws kho plawv kho mob kom pab txo cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hauv cov neeg mob uas tsim nyog muaj mob loj tshaj plaws rau kev mob plawv mob ntshav siab (HCM) uas ua tau raws li cov chaw kuaj mob nruj, lub cev thiab lub cev xaiv. Hauv kev xaiv cov neeg mob kom zoo, thaum ua los ntawm cov kev paub txog kev kho plawv thaum mob dhau los, tus txheej txheem muaj kev vam meej txo cov tsos mob ntau dua 90% ntawm cov neeg mob.
Cawv Server_Training / Cawv neeg rau zaub mov kev cob qhia: Cawv neeg rau zaub mov kev cob qhia yog ib hom kev qhia ua haujlwm feem ntau yog muab rau cov servers, cov muag thiab cov neeg siv haus cawv kom tiv thaiv kev qaug cawv, tsav tsheb tsis qaug cawv thiab haus cawv tsis quav yeeb. Qhov kev cob qhia no qee zaum tswj hwm thiab tseev kom ua los ntawm xeev thiab hauv zos cov cai, feem ntau hauv North America, thiab ntau dua hauv lwm lub tebchaws Askiv uas yog Askiv. Hauv qee qhov chaw, xws li Australia, tau txais cov kev tsim nyog zoo li no raug cai los ntawm txoj cai, ua ntej ib tus tuaj yeem ua haujlwm muag cawv.
Cawv Luam Yeeb: Tshav Tes / Chaw Haujlwm Cawv Cawv, Luam Yeeb, Phom Daws Thiab Tawg Tawg: Lub chaw saib xyuas cawv, luam yeeb, riam phom thiab foob pob tawg ( ATF ) yog tsoomfwv txoj cai lij choj nyob hauv tsoomfwv Meskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees. Nws lub luag haujlwm muaj xws li kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tiv thaiv kev txhaum cai ntawm tsoomfwv uas muaj feem siv tsis raug cai, tsim khoom, thiab tuav phom thiab cov khoom tawg; kev ua ntawm riam phom thiab foob pob; thiab kev ua lag luam txhaum cai thiab se tawm ntawm kev haus cawv thiab luam yeeb. Lub Koom Haum ATF tseem tswj hwm los ntawm kev tso cai muag, muag, thiab thauj cov phom, mos txwv, thiab cov khoom tawg rau hauv kev sib pauv chaw ua lag luam. Ntau ntawm ATF cov haujlwm yog ua nrog cov haujlwm uas tsim los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv xeev thiab hauv nroog, xws li Project Safe Neighborhoods. Lub Koom Haum ATF ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb tshawb nrhiav hluav taws hauv Beltsville, Maryland, qhov chaw uas muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev tua hluav taws tuaj yeem rov tsim kho tau. Lub koomhaum yog coj los ntawm Regina Lombardo, Tus Thawj Coj Ua Haujlwm, thiab Ronald B. Turk, Tus Thawj Coj Ua Tus Saib Xyuas Tag Nrho. Lub ATF muaj 5,101 tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib daim phiaj siv nyiaj txhua xyoo yog $ 1.274 nphom (2019).
Kev Kho Mob Quav cawv Txoj Kev Kho Cawv Kev Quav Tshuaj Peb Lub Hlis yog ib hlis ib zaug tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv kho mob luam tawm los ntawm Taylor & Francis. Tus sau ntawv yog Thomas F. McGovern. Phau ntawv journal tau luam tawm thawj zaug xyoo 1984 los ntawm Haworth Press. Nws tham txog txhua yam ntawm kev quav cawv thiab nws kho mob.
Cov Cawv / Chav Tsev Cawv ntawm cawv: Cov dej cawv hauv lub luag haujlwm yog siv nyob rau hauv tebchaws Askiv (tebchaws Askiv) raws li ntsuas ntsuas qhov tseeb hais txog cov dej cawv hauv qhov ntim ntawm cov dej cawv, kom muab cov lus qhia txog kev haus cawv tag nrho.
Kev Siv Dej Caw_Disorder / Kev Haus Cawv: Kev haus dej cawv yog, hais txog, kev haus dej haus cawv uas ua rau muaj teeb meem kev mob hlwb lossis lub cev muaj mob loj. Kev quav dej quav cawv tsis yog qhov lees paub qhov chaw kuaj mob. Cov kev kuaj pom muaj feem ua tau yog kev siv dej cawv (DSM-5) lossis kev quav dej cawv muaj cawv (ICD-11).
Kev Siv Dej Cawv_Disorders_Identification_Test / Kev Txhawj Txog Kev Siv Cawv Kev Siv Dej Cawv: Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Kev Siv Dej Cawv ( AUDIT ) yog kaum lo lus nug uas tau pom zoo los ntawm World Health Organization los tshuaj ntsuam cov neeg mob kom muaj kev phom sij (txaus ntshai) thiab haus cawv tsis zoo. Nws tau tsim los ntawm WHO kev kawm paub txog kev sib koom tes ntau lub teb chaws, cov khoom raug xaiv rau AUDIT yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kwv yees li 150 yam suav nrog hauv kev soj ntsuam thawj. Nws yog dav siv raws li kev suav ntsuas ntawm kev haus cawv thiab cov teeb meem ntsig txog. Nws tau thov rau hauv kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, chaw kho mob, thiab tsev kho mob thiab ua tau zoo hauv cov chaw no. Siv cov ntsiab lus txiav tawm sib txawv, nws tseem tuaj yeem soj ntsuam Kev Cuam Tshuam Kev Siv Cawv (DSM-5) thiab Cawv Cawv. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv AUDIT tau tshaj tawm los ntawm WHO thiab muaj ntau yam lus. Nws tau dhau los ua cov twj siv dav dav thiab tau txhais ua kwv yees li tsib caug lus.
Cawv tsis muaj_Liquid / Cawv inhalation: Kev nqus dej cawv yog txoj kev tswj hwm kev haus cawv ncaj qha rau hauv lub tshuab ua pa, nrog kev pab ntawm lub vaporizing los yog lub tshuab tsis muaj zog. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb siv rau kev lom zem, thaum nws tseem raug xa mus rau kev haus luam yeeb cawv , tab sis nws muaj cov ntawv thov kho mob rau kev sim tshuaj ntawm cov nas kuaj, thiab kev kho mob ntsws ntsws thiab mob ntsws.
Cawv Koj / Cawv Koj: " Cawv Koj " yog ib zaj nkauj sau los ntawm Romanian singer Roxen, digitally tso tawm rau 21 Lub Ob Hlis 2020 los ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Hauv Ntiaj Teb. Nws tau sau los ntawm Ionuț Armaș thiab Breyan Isaac, thaum Viky Red tsuas yog tso nws ntau lawm. "Cawv Koj" tau tshwm sim los ua tus yeej ntawm Selecția Națională 2020 thiab yog li tau teem sijhawm los sawv cev rau Romania ntawm Eurovision Song Contest 2020 ua ntej qhov xwm txheej tshem tawm vim muaj kev kis tus kabmob coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) hauv Suav thiab nws kis mus rau lwm tus lub teb chaws. Roxen yav dhau los tau xaiv hauv haujlwm hauv lub teb chaws tus neeg sawv cev los ntawm Romanian TV (TVR).
Kev quav cawv / quav cawv: Kev haus dej cawv ua rau muaj ntau yam tsis zoo ntawm kev haus cawv, xws li los ntawm kev haus cawv mus rau kev haus dej caw, muaj xwm txheej loj ua rau muaj mob rau cov tib neeg thiab cov teeb meem loj hauv zej zog xws li kev ua txhaum cawv.
Kev haus dej caw / haus cawv / haus dej cawv muaj nyob hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab: Kev haus cawv haus cawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab yog hais txog kev coj cwj pwm haus cawv tsis zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab thiab tsev kawm qib siab. Thaum lub sijhawm kev haus dej haus cawv muaj kev txawv txav hauv lub tebchaws, qhov ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog haus dej haus cawv uas tau haus cawv tau nthuav tawm ntau yam teeb meem thiab cuam tshuam rau cov tsev kawm qib siab. Cov teeb meem ua rau kev haus cawv feem ntau yog kev phooj ywg siab, kev npau taws lub neej, thiab kev ntxhov siab. Cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab uas quav cawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv, kev kawm tsis tau zoo lossis raug rau txim raws li txoj cai. Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob suav nrog kev sab laj hauv tsev kawm ntawv, ua kom nruj dua txog kev haus cawv tsis xws li lossis hloov chaw hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
Kev quav dej caw / tsim nyog / dej cawv hauv tus neeg hluas: Cawv yog ib qho ua kua ua kua uas muaj cov cawv ethyl uas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj thiab cuam tshuam rau tus neeg DNA. "Kev haus dej haus cawv tau lees paub thoob ntiaj teb ua rau muaj kev phom sij ua rau muaj kab mob, kev xiam oob qhab, thiab kev tuag" thiab raug ntaus nqi raws li cov tshuaj siv thiab ua phem tshaj plaws los ntawm cov hluas. Kev tiav hluas yog ib theem ntawm kev hloov ntawm lub cev thiab txoj kev xav, feem ntau yog lub sijhawm nyob hauv tib neeg lub neej uas lawv mus rau kev pub dawb Ua ke cov qib kev hloov pauv no thiab kev haus cawv ntau tuaj yeem ua qee qhov kev rau txim rau tus hluas.
Cawv Cawv / Cawv: Kev haus dej cawv yog, hais txog, kev haus dej haus cawv uas ua rau muaj teeb meem kev mob hlwb lossis lub cev muaj mob loj. Kev quav dej quav cawv tsis yog qhov lees paub qhov chaw kuaj mob. Cov kev kuaj pom muaj feem ua tau yog kev siv dej cawv (DSM-5) lossis kev quav dej cawv muaj cawv (ICD-11).
Kev quav dej cawv / Cawv: Kev haus dej cawv yog, hais txog, kev haus dej haus cawv uas ua rau muaj teeb meem kev mob hlwb lossis lub cev muaj mob loj. Kev quav dej quav cawv tsis yog qhov lees paub qhov chaw kuaj mob. Cov kev kuaj pom muaj feem ua tau yog kev siv dej cawv (DSM-5) lossis kev quav dej cawv muaj cawv (ICD-11).
Cawv muaj cawv_in_Russia / Kev haus dej cawv hauv Lavxias: Cawv haus dej haus cawv hauv Lavxias tseem nyob ntawm cov neeg ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom xyoo 2011 los ntawm World Health Organization, txhua xyoo neeg haus dej haus cawv hauv tebchaws Russia muaj kwv yees li 15.76 litres, nyob rau qib plaub hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nws tau poob qis dua li 10 liv ntawm xyoo 2019. Lwm qhov kev txaus ntshai ntawm Lavxias haus dej haus cawv qauv yog qhov ntau ntawm cov ntsuj plig sib piv nrog lwm cov dej cawv.
Cawv tawm / Dej cawv tshaj tawm: Kev tshaj tawm cawv yog kev tshaj tawm cov dej cawv los ntawm cov neeg haus cawv los ntawm ntau cov xov xwm. Nrog rau kev haus luam yeeb tshaj tawm, kev tshaj tawm txog cawv yog ib yam ntawm cov kev cai tshaj tawm txog kev lag luam. Qee lossis tag nrho cov cawv cuaj uas raug txwv nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws. Muaj qee qhov kev kawm tseem ceeb txog kev tshaj tawm txog cawv cawv, xws li JP Nelson xyoo 2000.
Cawv tshaj tawm / Dej cawv tshaj tawm: Kev tshaj tawm cawv yog kev tshaj tawm cov dej cawv los ntawm cov neeg haus cawv los ntawm ntau cov xov xwm. Nrog rau kev haus luam yeeb tshaj tawm, kev tshaj tawm txog cawv yog ib yam ntawm cov kev cai tshaj tawm txog kev lag luam. Qee lossis tag nrho cov cawv cuaj uas raug txwv nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws. Muaj qee qhov kev kawm tseem ceeb txog kev tshaj tawm txog cawv cawv, xws li JP Nelson xyoo 2000.
Cawv advertising / haus dej cawv advertising: Kev tshaj tawm cawv yog kev tshaj tawm cov dej cawv los ntawm cov neeg haus cawv los ntawm ntau cov xov xwm. Nrog rau kev haus luam yeeb tshaj tawm, kev tshaj tawm txog cawv yog ib yam ntawm cov kev cai tshaj tawm txog kev lag luam. Qee lossis tag nrho cov cawv cuaj uas raug txwv nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws. Muaj qee qhov kev kawm tseem ceeb txog kev tshaj tawm txog cawv cawv, xws li JP Nelson xyoo 2000.
Cawv advertising_campaign / haus dej cawv advertising: Kev tshaj tawm cawv yog kev tshaj tawm cov dej cawv los ntawm cov neeg haus cawv los ntawm ntau cov xov xwm. Nrog rau kev haus luam yeeb tshaj tawm, kev tshaj tawm txog cawv yog ib yam ntawm cov kev cai tshaj tawm txog kev lag luam. Qee lossis tag nrho cov cawv cuaj uas raug txwv nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws. Muaj qee qhov kev kawm tseem ceeb txog kev tshaj tawm txog cawv cawv, xws li JP Nelson xyoo 2000.
Cawv advertising_in_Thailand / Cawv cawv hauv thaib: Cawv kev tshaj tawm nyob hauv Thaib tau tswj hwm los ntawm Txoj Cai Tswj Cawv Dej Cawv, BE 2551 (2008). Hauv tshooj 32 ntawm txoj cai lij choj, cov dej cawv yuav tsis tshaj tawm ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj rau cov txiaj ntsig lossis txhawb nqa nws txoj kev noj, thiab yuav tsis qhia cov khoom lag luam lossis cov ntim khoom. Raws li ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm uas tau muab tshaj tawm nrog txoj cai, txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm yuav tsum nrog ib tus ntawm tsib daim ntawv ceeb toom cov lus ceeb toom, kav ntev tsawg kawg ob vib nas this rau kev tshaj tawm video lossis nyob tsawg kawg 25 feem pua ​​ntawm thaj chaw tshaj tawm rau kev tshaj xov xwm.